Evaluation of Multi-Functional Variable Refrigerant Flow System with Thermal Energy Storage and Photovoltaic-Based Distributed System for Net-Zero Energy Home Design

Abstract Efficient heating and cooling systems renewable energy sources are crucial for effectively designing net-zero homes (NZEHs). The study proposes using a multi-functional variable refrigerant flow system with hydraulic heat recovery (MFVRF-H2R) to reduce heating, ventilating, air-conditioning (HVAC) hot water usage, offering practical approach enable NZEH solutions. Photovoltaic (PV)-based on-site power generation is utilized achieve zero performance in residential buildings. A building simulation conducted assess the effectiveness of combined various climate conditions. To develop model, US National Institute Standards Technology (NIST)’s test facility used as benchmark baseline models. MFVRF-H2R incorporated into propose more-energy-efficient design technology. eQUEST post-processing calculations simulate performance, comparing whole-building end-use PV capacity alternative models MFVRF-H2R. Results demonstrate that proposed (VRF)-based can provide potential savings up 32% under zones. Moreover, 90% reduction domestic usage compared an without VRF suggests realistic solutions making HVAC energy-efficient by minimizing thermal waste reusing it other parts building, such applications. Consequently, this highlights NZEHs while considering technologies.